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Functions of Data Link Layer

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Three-Way-Handshake

Definition - What does Three-Way-Handshake mean? A three-way-handshake is a method used in a TCP/IP network to create a connection between a local host/client and server. It is a three-step method that requires both the client and server to exchange SYN and ACK (acknowledgment) packets before actual data communication begins. A three-way-handshake is also known as a TCP handshake. Techopedia explains Three-Way-Handshake A three-way-handshake is primarily used to create a TCP socket connection. It works when:  Upon completion of this process, the connection is created and the host and server can communicate.
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Difference Between TCP and UDP?

What is the Difference Between TCP and UDP? TCP and UDP are both protocols used to send data over the internet but they do this in a slightly different way. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is the most commonly use protocol on the internet. When information is sent as data packets through TCP, your browser will stitch these packets back together to present you, for example, with a web page that you requested. TCP will make sure that the packets are all received and in the right order before it servers you the page so it guarantees delivery. User Datagram Protocol (UDP) on the other hand, will not perform any of the error checking that TCP does making it significantly faster. This is why UDP is better for video streaming or gaming, for example, while TCP is the go-to protocol for your normal browsing. UDP TCP Reliability: UDP is less reliable as it is a connectionless protocol. When you send a message using UDP internet protocol, it is not guaranteed if it will reach the des...
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Star Topology

Star A star topology is designed with each node (file server, workstations, and peripherals) connected directly to a central network hub, switch, or concentrator Data on a star network passes through the hub, switch, or concentrator before continuing to its destination. The hub, switch, or concentrator manages and controls all functions of the network. It also acts as a repeater for the data flow. This configuration is common with twisted pair cable; however, it can also be used with coaxial cable or fiber optic cable.    Star topology Advantages of a Star Topology Easy to install and wire. No disruptions to the network when connecting or removing devices. Easy to detect faults and to remove parts. Disadvantages of a Star Topology Requires more cable length than a linear topology. If the hub, switch, or concentrator fails, nodes attached are disabled. More expensive than linear bus topologies because of the cost of the hubs...
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